This day in history

1709: Date of death of Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine for 22 years.

1920: The Radnarkom of the Ukrainian SSR and Nestor Makhno’s Insurgent Army sign an agreement on joint combat operations against Peter Wrangel’s White Army.

1939: Test pilots fly Sergei Ilyushin’s IL-2 armored strike bomber, the world’s first model of the kind.

1941: Nazi Germany launches Operation Typhoon to seize Moscow.

1942: The Politburo of the VKP (B) [All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)] adopts a resolution on partisan [guerilla] warfare in Ukraine, establishing an underground Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine.

1990: University students go on hunger strike in Ukraine, demanding that the Chairman of the Soviet of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR resign, that the government refuse to sign [Gorbachev’s] Union Treaty. The Supreme Soviet’s coordinating committee works out a mutually acceptable approach to meet the students’ requirements.